鲁尔大都市区后矿业景观从第四自然到人造景观(3)

灯光概念设计/Lighting Concept: Licht Kunst Licht

基底面积/Built Area: 80hm2

造价/Cost: 约1500万欧元/Approx 15M EUR

设计开始时间/Design Start Time: 2005

施工时间/Construction Period: 2005-2006（一期/1st stage），2007-2009（二期/2nd stage），2010-2014（三期/3rd stage），2016-2020（四期/4th stage）

7 所谓的轨道大街位于公园的中心。在它被遗产建筑包围的地方，所有的天然植被都被去掉，使它成为遗产地的中心广场，可用于各种临时活动/The so called track boulevard is at the heart of the park. In its part surrounded by the heritage buildings,all spontaneous vegetation has been removed and it is the central square of the heritage site, which can be used for temporary events（摄影/Photo: Thomas Mayer）

8 在轨道大街上，原先运送煤炭的火车轨道被改造为公园游客的小径。景观建筑师改变了第四自然的植被。那是在工业活动停止后形成的阳光明媚的桦树林。为营造通透感，灌木和部分树木被去掉/On the track boulevard the former train tracks for transporting coal have been transformed into pathways for the park visitors. The landscape architects have transformed the fourth nature vegetation, which developed after the end of the industrial activity to a birch grove full of light. Bushes and parts of the trees have been removed to create transparency（摄影/Photo: Claudia Drey?e）

9 公园小径和刺槐树。第四自然也能创造出吸引人的花草地，并有很高的生物多样性价值/The park alley with its Robinia pseudoacazia "Frisia" trees. Forth nature can also create attractive flower arrangements and has a high biodiversity value

10 公园小径是公园中为数不多的新增要素之一。它从轨道大街上跨过，与公园各处及工业遗产建筑相连。那里种有刺槐，并与桦树林的天然植物融为一体/The park alley is one of the few newly added elements in the park. It crosses the track boulevard to connect the different parts of the park and the industrial heritage building. Its Robinia pseudoacazia "Frisia"trees have been planted, but blend into the spontaneous vegetation of the birch grove（9.10摄影/Photos: Thomas Mayer）

11 轨道大街和公园小径/Track boulevard and park alley

12.13 公园中的多功能活动岛，用于照片中的跑酷运动/Multifunctional activity island in the park, used for Parkour sports on the photos（11-13摄影/Photos: Claudia Drey?e）

盖尔森基兴生物量公园：生产性公共公园

将工业遗产与第四自然结合在一起的办法并不能用到每个后工业遗址上。后矿业未来也需要生产能源的新方式。生物量可以成为一种解决方案。盖尔森基兴的两座生物量公园以2～3 年轮伐短期林的形式，将第二自然重新引入城区。与此同时，游客能亲身体验这种不断变化的生产性景观。

Biomasseparks Gelsenkirchen: productive public parks

Combining industrial heritage and fourth nature are not the solution to be applied on every post-industrial site. The post-mining future also needs new ways of energy production. Biomass can be one solution for it. The two biomass parks in Gelsenkirchen reintroduce second nature to the urban areas in the form of short rotation forests to be harvested every 2～3 years. At the same time,visitors experience this ever changing productive landscape.

14 雨果生物量公园的设计/Design for Biomassepark Hugo（规划/Plan: lohrberg stadtlandschaftsarchitektur, Stuttgart）

15 盖尔森基兴-布尔城市肌理中的雨果生物量公园位置/The site of Biomassepark Hugo in the urban fabric of Gelsenkirchen-Buer（规划/Plan: RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Landscape Architecture）

16 哈瑟尔生物量公园的设计，生物量作物在公园南部/Design for Biomassepark Hassel with the biomass plantations in the southern part of the park

17 短期轮伐林形成了第二自然的地块，它与后工业公园成为一个整体。通过每3～5年的轮伐，公园的空间特征在开放与封闭之间不断变换/The short rotation forest form block of second nature which are integrated into the post-industrial park. Through harvesting them every 3～5 years, the spatial character of the park is constantly changing between open and closed spaces（16.17规划/Plan: lohrberg stadtlandschaftsarchitektur,Stuttgart）

18 雨果生物量公园的入口以原煤矿的井塔为中心。集装箱将包含公园信息/The entrance to Biomassepark Hugo is centred on the shaft tower of the former mine. The container will accommodate information on the park（摄影/Photo:lohrberg stadtlandschaftsarchitektur, Frank Lohrberg）

19-21 按地块收割的做法使公园在冬天为之一变。白杨将在次年春夏从留存的根部重新生长出来。几年后达到原先的高度，然后再收割/Blockwise harvesting transforms the park in the winter. The poplars will regrow from their rootstocks within the next spring and summer, reach their previous after a few years to be harvested again（19-21摄影/Photos: RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Landscape Architecture, Jasmin Matros）

文章来源：《中国矿业大学学报》 网址: http://www.zgkydxxbzz.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0506/566.html